Common Fixed Point Theorem for Weakly Compatible Maps in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces

In this paper, we prove some common fixed point theorem for weakly compatible maps in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space for two, four and six self mapping

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON CONCEPT OF AGNI IN AYURVEDA AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Health is the state of mentally and physically well being. According to Ayurveda, when Dosha, Dhatu and Mala are in Sama awastha and Indriya, Aatma, Mann all are working properly then the person is considered as Swastha. For Dosha, Dhatu and Mala to be in the state of proportionality Agni should be normal (Samagni). Agni consist digestive (Pak) and different kinds of hormones, enzyme and co enzymes activities etc. which participate in digestive & metabolic functions. It is believed to be the agency for various types of metabolic transformations. During each and every second various procedure of transformations take place inside the human body. Enumeration of Agni varies in various classical Ayurvedic texts. According to various functions and site of action, Agni has been divided into 13 types, i.e. one Jatharagni, five Bhutagni and seven Dhatvagni. Jatharagni is the most important one, which digests four types of food and transforms it into Rasa and Mala. Ayurveda consider that no disease ever be develop without the derangement of Agni. Therefore in the management of each and every disease, Agni gets primary focus. Though in Ayurvedic literature, a detailed explanation of Agni is available but there is lack of its practical utility. So, this paper is a sincere effort to elaborate the practical utility of Agni

Millets - Neglected Cereal with High Potential in Health Benefits in Malnutrition

In a world grappling with malnutrition, millets emerge as unsung heroes, offering a beacon of hope for improved global health. This chapter delves into the treasure trove of millets, revealing their often-overlooked potential as a nutritional powerhouse. Millets, a diverse group of cereal grains, hold the promise of mitigating malnutrition on a global scale. Firstly, we explore the exceptional nutritional value of millets, demonstrating how they pack a punch with essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. A comparative analysis with other grains underscores their superiority in providing a balanced diet. We then uncover the diverse varieties of millets and their suitability for various regions and climates, making them an adaptable and sustainable choice for farmers worldwide. Millet farming techniques, including their resilience to adverse conditions, are discussed, shedding light on their role in food security. The health implications of millet consumption are another focus, revealing their potential in preventing chronic diseases and improving overall well-being. Case studies underscore the tangible impact of millet-based interventions on malnutrition reduction. However, challenges persist, such as limited awareness and policy support. Nonetheless, millets hold immense promise for enhancing global health and nutrition. This chapter advocates for the integration of millets into our diets, promoting sustainable agriculture, and addressing malnutrition's root causes. As we delve into the world of millets, we find not only a neglected cereal but a beacon of hope for a healthier, more sustainable future

Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antifungal activity of Capsicum frutescens L.

Capsicum frutescens L. (Family Solanaceae) commonly used to make one of the most common spice, red peppers is also associated with multiple health benefits. In the present study, extract yield and phytochemical constituents of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of dried seeds of C. frutescens L. prepared by microwave assisted solvent extraction technique, also known as “Green extraction” were compared with the solvent extracts prepared by two common conventional extraction methods. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of all extracts were determined by using agar well diffusion method against three gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus MRSA), five gram negative bacteria (Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris) and two fungi (Candida albicans and C. krusei). Results were also compared with positive (Cotrimoxazole and Nystatin) and negative controls (Dimethyl sulphoxide). Solvent extracts prepared by microwave assisted method showed significant activity and n-hexane extract formed inhibition zone of 14.4 mm against P. aeruginosa, 20.0 mm against C. albicans, while ethyl acetate extract formed largest inhibition zone (15.0 mm) against C. krusei. Minimum inhibitory concentration evaluated by two fold serial broth tube dilution method ranged between 0.312 to 5 mg/mL

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Effect of extraction methods on yield, phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antifungal activity of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Capsicum frutescens</i> L.</span>

32-39 Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE HI MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Capsicum frutescens L. (Family Solanaceae) commonly used to make one of the most common spice, red peppers is also associated with multiple health benefits. In the present study, extract yield and phytochemical constituents of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of dried seeds of C. frutescens L. prepared by microwave assisted solvent extraction technique, also known as “Green extraction” were compared with the solvent extracts prepared by two common conventional extraction methods. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of all extracts were determined by using agar well diffusion method against three gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and S. aureus MRSA), five gram negative bacteria (Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris) and two fungi (Candida albicans and C. krusei). Results were also compared with positive (Cotrimoxazole and Nystatin) and negative controls (Dimethyl sulphoxide). Solvent extracts prepared by microwave assisted method showed significant activity and n-hexane extract formed inhibition zone of 14.4 mm against P. aeruginosa, 20.0 mm against C. albicans, while ethyl acetate extract formed largest inhibition zone (15.0 mm) against C. krusei. Minimum inhibitory concentration evaluated by two fold serial broth tube dilution method ranged between 0.312 to 5 mg/mL. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} <![endif]--

Free air carbon dioxide enrichment facility development for crop experiments

404-409The level of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in earth's atmosphere is increasing exponentially due to global industrialization and is likely to reach double its pre-industrial value by the middle of present century. Free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facilities, in which the simulation of elevated level of CO2 is done in the open fields by artificially injecting CO2 gas in a controlled manner, are being used to study the impact of rising concentration of CO2 on environment. The FACE facilities exist only in few places in the world as they are quite expensive, complex to develop and involve state-of-the-art technology. This paper describes the details of a medium size FACE facility (Mid-FACE) designed, developed and fabricated indigenously for conducting CO2 enrichment experiments on crop plants. With this development, India becomes the second after Japan to have such a facility in whole of Asia for carrying out CO2 enrichment research

Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES)

Substantial uncertainties still exist in the scientific understanding of the possible interactions between urban and natural (biogenic) emissions in the production and transformation of atmospheric aerosol and the resulting impact on climate change. The US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program’s Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) carried out in June 2010 in Central Valley, California, was a comprehensive effort designed to improve this understanding. The primary objective of the field study was to investigate the evolution of secondary organic and black carbon aerosols and their climate-related properties in the Sacramento urban plume as it was routinely transported into the forested Sierra Nevada foothills area. Urban aerosols and trace gases experienced significant physical and chemical transformations as they mixed with the reactive biogenic hydrocarbons emitted from the forest. Two heavily-instrumented ground sites – one within the Sacramento urban area and another about 40 km to the northeast in the foothills area – were set up to characterize the evolution of meteorological variables, trace gases, aerosol precursors, aerosol size, composition, and climate related properties in freshly polluted and “aged” urban air. On selected days, the DOE G-1 aircraft was deployed to make similar measurements upwind and across the evolving Sacramento plume in the morning and again in the afternoon. The NASA B-200 aircraft, carrying remote sensing instruments, was also deployed to characterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols and aerosol optical properties within and around the plume. This overview provides: (a) the scientific background and motivation for the study, (b) the operational and logistical information pertinent to the execution of the study, (c) an overview of key observations and initial findings from the aircraft and ground-based sampling platforms, and (d) a roadmap of planned data analyses and focused modeling efforts that will facilitate the integration of new knowledge into improved representations of key aerosol processes and properties in climate models